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West Virginia researcher describes how Volkswagen got caught

The cheating scandal engulfing the world's largest automaker started with a road trip. In the spring of 2014, researchers from West Virginia were evaluating the tailpipe emissions of diesel cars made for the American market by European manufacturers, something never before studied in the academic realm. Excited by the prospect of breaking new ground, the team of two professors and two students wanted to gather as much data as possible. "And being academics, we went a little overboard," said Arvind Thiruvengadam, one of the students. "Being academics, we went a little overboard." Overboard included driving the cars for more miles than they needed to test and verify results. Drivers put about 1,500 miles on each of the first two cars in the study, a Volkswagen Jetta and BMW X5, along California roadways. For their final car, a Volkswagen Passat, they wanted even more mileage. So they took the car on a road trip from Los Angeles to Seattle and back again, collecting data from more than 2,000 miles of testing. The road trip was Volkswagen's undoing. When the West Virginia team returned to Los Angeles, they were befuddled by the test results. In theory, the Passat should have spewed the lowest levels of pollutants among the three cars. Equipped with the more modern selective catalytic reduction technology, the team expected to find minimal levels of nitrogen oxide. But the car, which had been certified at a California Air Resources Board facility prior to the start of the road trip, had elevated levels of NOx that were 20 times the baseline levels established beforehand. The researchers, comprised of professors Gregory Thompson and Dan Carder and students Marc Besch and Thiruvengadam, knew their on-board equipment functioned properly because, early in their research, they had double-checked its accuracy after recording sky-high NOx readings from the Jetta that showed 30 times the level of its baseline testing at the CARB facility. It was particularly noteworthy because the Jetta contained the first-generation Lean NOx Trap technology, not the more efficient SCR, yet both produced large discrepancies. The BMW, on the other hand, performed as expected. Today, Thiruvengadam is careful to say the research team never suspected Volkswagen of cheating on emissions testing, nor did the researchers report such a finding. They merely reported their findings to CARB officials who then further investigated.

TRANSLOGIC 150: Volkswagen XL1

How do you build the world's most fuel-efficient production car? Start with the world's most aerodynamic design. The Volkswagen XL1 is capable of 261 miles per gallon thanks to its sleek shape and ultra efficient plug-in diesel hybrid powertrain. The downside is that only 250 will be made and none will be sold stateside. That didn't stop us from taking our turn behind the wheel of this truly revolutionary ride.

Former Porsche execs charged with stock manipulation in Germany

The ongoing indictment of top Porsche executives for alleged stock manipulation during the attempted takeover of Volkswagen has taken years to reach an actual decision, but a trial date has finally been set for October 22. In addition to former CEO Wendelin Wiedeking (pictured above) and ex-CFO Holger Haerter, prosecutors have also added Anton Hunger, who was communications boss at the time, to the list of those charged, according to Reuters. The men purportedly made false statements to investors about plans to acquire 75 percent of VW stock. The prosecutor also dropped charges against Ferdinand Piech and Wolfgang Porsche in the same case, Reuters reports. The two Porsche family members were on the company's board at the time, but investigators found that they had no role in making the false statements. If found guilty, the former Porsche execs could face up to five years in prison. As expected, lawyers for Wiedeking and Haerter have repeatedly denied any wrongdoing by their clients. The investigation into Porsche SE's actions during the failed VW takeover go back to at least 2009 when the firm's offices were raided. Wiedeking and Haerter were eventually indicted in 2012. A Stuttgart court initially dismissed the case for lack of evidence, but in 2014 that decision was reversed on appeal. At the same time, investors have brought multiple civil lawsuits against the company, but none of those cases have been successful.