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West Virginia researcher describes how Volkswagen got caught

The cheating scandal engulfing the world's largest automaker started with a road trip. In the spring of 2014, researchers from West Virginia were evaluating the tailpipe emissions of diesel cars made for the American market by European manufacturers, something never before studied in the academic realm. Excited by the prospect of breaking new ground, the team of two professors and two students wanted to gather as much data as possible. "And being academics, we went a little overboard," said Arvind Thiruvengadam, one of the students. "Being academics, we went a little overboard." Overboard included driving the cars for more miles than they needed to test and verify results. Drivers put about 1,500 miles on each of the first two cars in the study, a Volkswagen Jetta and BMW X5, along California roadways. For their final car, a Volkswagen Passat, they wanted even more mileage. So they took the car on a road trip from Los Angeles to Seattle and back again, collecting data from more than 2,000 miles of testing. The road trip was Volkswagen's undoing. When the West Virginia team returned to Los Angeles, they were befuddled by the test results. In theory, the Passat should have spewed the lowest levels of pollutants among the three cars. Equipped with the more modern selective catalytic reduction technology, the team expected to find minimal levels of nitrogen oxide. But the car, which had been certified at a California Air Resources Board facility prior to the start of the road trip, had elevated levels of NOx that were 20 times the baseline levels established beforehand. The researchers, comprised of professors Gregory Thompson and Dan Carder and students Marc Besch and Thiruvengadam, knew their on-board equipment functioned properly because, early in their research, they had double-checked its accuracy after recording sky-high NOx readings from the Jetta that showed 30 times the level of its baseline testing at the CARB facility. It was particularly noteworthy because the Jetta contained the first-generation Lean NOx Trap technology, not the more efficient SCR, yet both produced large discrepancies. The BMW, on the other hand, performed as expected. Today, Thiruvengadam is careful to say the research team never suspected Volkswagen of cheating on emissions testing, nor did the researchers report such a finding. They merely reported their findings to CARB officials who then further investigated.

VW launches cheaper 2016 e-Golf SE to challenge Nissan Leaf

Volkswagen is taking the fight to Nissan in the battle of EV hatchbacks for the 2016 model year with the new, less expensive e-Golf SE trim level. With a starting price of $29,815 (after $820 for destination but before incentives), the model undercuts the $29,860 2015 Leaf S (after $850 destination) by just $45. Lease rates are $199 a month. The 2016 e-Golf SEL Premium is $150 more than last year at $36,415, making the difference between the two trims a significant $6,600. VW isn't letting out much of the info on the SE yet, and the company's release simply says the trim "offers most of the features of the SEL Premium model." The new entry does come standard with a 3.6-kW onboard charger, and a 7.2-kW DC fast charging package is optional later in the year. Inside, there's VW's 6.5-inch MIB II infotainment system, versus an eight-inch version in the SEL Premium with the company's Car-Net App-Connect and Travel Link. The e-Golf is rated at an 83-mile range by the EPA, and it's electric motor produces 115 horsepower and 199 pound-feet of torque. The electric hatchback has already proven itself a moderate success in Europe through the first two months of 2015, and the VW actually beat the Leaf there in sales volume. In the US, the model has moved 1,831 examples through July, compared to 10,990 for the rival Nissan.

German investigators search VW headquarters, take documents

German investigators are no longer pursuing an official investigation against former Volkswagen CEO Martin Winterkorn, but prosecutors aren't giving up their detective work into the automaker's actions surrounding its diesel emissions scandal. In their latest move, authorities have searched VW's headquarters in Wolfsburg and confiscated documents and other data to learn more about how a software-based "defeat device" made it into the real world, according to Reuters. VW described the amount of material that it handed over as "comprehensive." The automaker is also conducting its own, internal investigation, but the company isn't releasing those results, yet. It has allegedly responded by suspending over 10 employees, including three top engineers. There has been reportedly no actual evidence found against this trio of men. In addition to the work of German prosecutors, many US investigators are looking into VW's actions, as well. The West Virginia Attorney General is suing the company for fraud, and there are pending class-action lawsuits. In written testimony for a Congressional hearing, Michael Horn, President and CEO of VW Group of America, said he first learned of the emissions noncompliance when the West Virginia University study was published in the spring of 2014. A recall on the affected Volkswagens isn't expected to begin until at least January, according to CEO Matthias Muller, and it could be later for some models. The costs to fix them all and deal with potential fines means that VW must delay some projects to save money. Put another way, VW will be dealing with the repercussions of this scandal for years. Related Video: