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Infiniti's new VC-T changes the rules of small turbocharged engines

The upcoming Infiniti QX50 crossover does not get our pulse racing, no matter how shapely the QX Sport Inspiration concept that previews it may be. No midsize SUV does, to be fair. But it has something special under the hood – the world's first production variable-compression-ratio engine. That means the QX50's 2.0-liter turbo four, which makes 268 horsepower and 288 pound-feet of torque, will have up to 27 percent better fuel economy. Here's how it works. The trend of moving to smaller, turbocharged engines carries with it one big falsehood. Under low load when the turbo isn't needed, these engines are less efficient than an equivalent engine without a turbo because of the low compression ratio the turbo requires. That is, if you never need the extra power, you're wasting fuel. Turbocharged (and supercharged) engines use a lower compression ratio to prevent detonation. When you force extra air in a cylinder and mix it with fuel, it's more likely to prematurely go boom. Lowering the compression ratio prevents this problem, but it's less efficient. Infiniti's VC-T promises the best of both worlds, with a compression ratio that ranges from 8.0:1 for high-power turbo needs to a 14.0:1 ratio for fuel-sipping efficiency. At its heart the VC-T engine is a simple idea, but it's complicated to explain. Consider yourself warned. The photo below from Infiniti serves as a good visual overview. For the truly nerdy, this patent application covers the mechanical concept. Instead of having the pistons connected to the crankshaft, Infiniti's engine has a pivot arm with a connection on each end. One end connects to the piston, the other connects to a second lower shaft, which is controlled by an actuator arm. At any given time the engine's pistons move up and down according to the lobes on the crankshaft. But the actuator arm can change the angle of the pivot arm up and down. That is, the pistons still move in the same motion with the same stroke, but phase the entire stroke up or down. Move the pivot up and there's less room at the top, which means a higher compression ratio. Move the pivot down and the compression ratio goes down, too. As an added bonus, the lower shaft eliminates the need for counter-rotating balance shafts. Infiniti says this system works constantly and can vary the compression ratio to any number between 8:1 and 14:1. It also uses electronic variable valve timing on the intake valves to switch into Atkinson-cycle combustion for greater efficiency.

2014 Nissan Pathfinder Hybrid arrives with supercharged engine, 26 mpg combined

Nissan just launched the fully redesigned Pathfinder for the 2013 model year, and now, there's a fuel-sipping hybrid version making its debut here at the New York Auto Show. The 2014 Pathfinder Hybrid packs all of the same features found in the standard crossover, but offers slightly better fuel economy and an improved cruising range, to boot.
The new hybrid is powered by a 2.5-liter supercharged engine (we're assuming it's a four-cylinder, though Nissan hasn't specified) coupled with a lithium-ion battery and 15-kilowatt electric motor, capable of producing 250 horsepower and 243 pound-feet of torque - 10 less horsepower but three more pound-feet than the standard V6 Pathfinder. Nissan says the hybrid crossover will be rated at 25/27 miles per gallon (city/highway), with a 26-mpg combined rating. This means that on a full tank, the cruising range of the Pathfinder Hybrid is a cool 526 miles.
What's cool about the hybrid packaging is that Nissan has managed not to have it interfere with any of the interior functionality - the Pathfinder Hybrid still packs just as much cargo and passenger space as its naturally aspirated sibling. Official pricing has not been announced, but Nissan expects the hybrid to command an additional $3,000 over the standard model.

Nissan Sway could see production

After unveiling the Sway concept at the 2015 Geneva Motor Show, Nissan was crystal clear that the showcar previewed the potentially bolder shape for a future compact hatchback. While it's likely a peek at the future Micra sold in other markets, not much is stopping similar styling from arriving to US showrooms, too. According to Nissan design boss Shiro Nakamura to Automotive News, the Sway was specifically designed to attract interest to visitors in Geneva. However, he believes that the shape could be attractive to buyers in other parts of the world. The showcar's styling blends elements from earlier Nissan concepts with the deeply V-shaped front end off the Lannia Concept and the floating roof from several others. The company isn't divulging a possible powertrain quite yet, though. Nissan is considering spinning the Versa Note off into its own product likely just called the Note, according to Automotive News. When it comes time for a new model around 2018, one way to really differentiate the newly independent vehicle might be to take on the Sway's much more radical styling. Related Video: