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Basic Continuously Variable Transmission explained with Legos

In recent years, the search for better fuel efficiency and smoother shifting has produced automatic transmissions with double-digit gears. Alternatively, the same quest has boosted the popularity and usage of a different type of automatic transmission without any fixed gears, the continuously variable transmission, or CVT. YouTuber Sariel's Lego Workshop recently took the time to build a CVT demonstration model out of Legos to help explain how they work. Sariel begins by showing the model's input and output shafts that are parallel to each other. Each shaft has a cone attached to it, and they are inversely placed so that the large part of one cone is next to the small part of the other cone. The two cones are connected using a rounded rubber band.  By shifting the rubber band up and down the cones, the machine changes the effective ratio between the cones. So, a 1:4 ratio can be smoothly transitioned to 4:1. No clutch is required to operate the mechanism, and it eliminates hitches or pauses between gear changes. CVTs are also advantageous over 9- or 10-speed automatics in that they are far less complex and weigh less.  To demonstrate how the CVT operates in a vehicle, Sariel used a joke about Top Gear. The original Top Gear is represented by a faster-moving car that has the rubber band around the large part of the cone on the input shaft. Top Gear without former hosts Richard Hammond, Jeremy Clarkson, and James May is represented by a slow-moving car with the rubber band around the large part of the cone on the output shaft.  For an even more detailed explanation of how CVTs work — albeit one that doesn't involve toys — you can click here. Technology Toys/Games Nissan Subaru

Nissan and Infiniti to get 6 EVs within 5 years

Nissan will get four new electric-powered vehicles, while its luxury division Infiniti will get two over the next five years, a top executive told Automotive News. The six EVs will make up Nissan and Infiniti's share of the 12 electric vehicles planned for Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi by 2022, though there's no word on how the numbers break down for those other brands. Infiniti last month announced plans for its first all-electric vehicle in 2021, plus new "e-Power" series hybrids like the ones it has introduced in other markets. But the six vehicles divulged by Toshihiro Hirai, Nissan's corporate vice president for powertrain and EV engineering, reportedly include only full battery-electrics and not hybrids. The only full-electric currently offered by either brand in the U.S. is the Nissan Leaf, which was just updated for 2018. Nissan-Renault CEO Carlos Ghosn has been a consistent supporter of electric vehicles, and he has said EVs need greater government incentives, lower development costs and a greater recognition among the buying public of the risks of climate change in order to gain traction among consumers. Last summer, Nissan-Renault announced plans to build electric vehicles in China in a new venture with Dongfeng Motor to meet EV quotas. They'll use a subcompact crossover platform from its own vehicle family.Related Video:

New Nissan Leaf looking more and more like 105-mile EV

The next-generation Nissan Leaf could see the light of day as soon as 2017. In the meantime, the Japanese automaker may have a treat for electric-vehicle enthusiasts. Think of it as a 21-mile salute. Looking to spur what's recently been lagging sales, we're hearing rumors that Nissan might offer a top-of-the-line Leaf that will include a 30-kilowatt-hour battery instead of the standard 24-kWh version this fall, Hybrid Cars says, citing InsideEVs. That means that the Leaf's 84-mile single-charge range could be extended to about 105 miles. "We have made no public announcement about the 2016 Nissan LEAF," Nissan spokesman Brian Brockman told AutoblogGreen. "We do not comment on future product details." Nissan could use something fresh with the Leaf, which has a sales pattern that was up last year but down in 2015. Through April, Leaf sales were down 22 percent from a year earlier to 5,638 units. That outpaces the Chevrolet Volt extended-range plug-in by a two-to-one margin, but the second-gen Volt is due some time this fall. As for details on the next-generation Leaf, few have emerged. We've heard the car will look less quirky and, of course, be equipped with a longer single-charge range, but beyond that, it's all a bit of a mystery. Related Video: